Fraud Detection with Machine Learning on AWS

 

Creating a Fraud Detection System using Machine Learning on AWS involves multiple components — from data ingestion and preprocessing to model training, deployment, and real-time inference. Here's a high-level guide with the key services, architecture, and steps involved:

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🧠 Use Case Overview: Fraud Detection

Fraud detection is a classification problem where the goal is to identify whether a transaction (or activity) is legitimate or fraudulent based on historical patterns.

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🔧 Key AWS Services Involved

Purpose	AWS Service
Data Storage	Amazon S3
Data Processing	AWS Glue / Amazon SageMaker Data Wrangler
Model Training & Deployment	Amazon SageMaker
Real-Time Inference	SageMaker Endpoint / Lambda
Monitoring & Logging	Amazon CloudWatch
Alerts	Amazon SNS
Orchestration	AWS Step Functions or Lambda

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🏗️ High-Level Architecture

1. Data Collection

   • Upload raw transaction data (CSV/JSON/parquet) to Amazon S3.

2. Data Processing & Feature Engineering

   • Use AWS Glue or SageMaker Data Wrangler for cleaning, transformation, and feature engineering.

3. Model Training

   • Train a classification model (e.g., XGBoost, Random Forest, or deep learning) using Amazon SageMaker.

   • Split data: train/validation/test.

4. Model Evaluation

   • Evaluate metrics: Precision, Recall, F1 Score, AUC-ROC.

   • Tune hyperparameters via SageMaker Experiments.

5. Model Deployment

   • Deploy using SageMaker Endpoint for real-time predictions or Batch Transform for batch jobs.

6. Real-Time Inference

   • API Gateway + Lambda or direct app integration with SageMaker Endpoint.

7. Monitoring & Alerting

   • Monitor using CloudWatch.

   • Trigger alerts using SNS for anomalies or model drift.

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🧪 Sample Model: XGBoost on SageMaker

python
from sagemaker import Session
from sagemaker.inputs import TrainingInput
from sagemaker.xgboost.estimator import XGBoost

session = Session()
role = "arn:aws:iam::<your-account>:role/SageMakerExecutionRole"

xgb = XGBoost(entry_point='train.py',
              framework_version='1.5-1',
              role=role,
              instance_count=1,
              instance_type='ml.m5.large',
              output_path='s3://your-bucket/output',
              sagemaker_session=session)

xgb.fit({'train': TrainingInput('s3://your-bucket/train', content_type='csv'),
         'validation': TrainingInput('s3://your-bucket/val', content_type='csv')})

Your train.py script would include:

• Data loading

• Preprocessing

• Model training

• Model saving using joblib/pickle

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📈 Real-Time Inference (Lambda Example)

python
import boto3
import json

runtime = boto3.client('runtime.sagemaker')

def lambda_handler(event, context):
    payload = json.dumps(event['data'])  # transaction features
    response = runtime.invoke_endpoint(EndpointName='fraud-detector-endpoint',
                                       ContentType='application/json',
                                       Body=payload)
    result = json.loads(response['Body'].read().decode())
    return {"is_fraud": bool(result[0] > 0.5)}

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📊 Monitoring & Alerting

• Use CloudWatch to monitor:

  • Model latency

  • Invocation counts

  • Errors

• Use Amazon SNS to send alerts to email/SMS on anomaly detection or spikes in fraud.

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📚 Optional Enhancements

• Auto retraining: Use Lambda + Step Functions to retrain model on new data periodically.

• Drift detection: Monitor feature distributions over time.

• Explainability: Integrate SHAP with SageMaker for model interpretability.

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